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Hydraulic Buffers — Frequently Asked Questions
When are hydraulic buffers required instead of spring buffers?
EN 81-20 Clause 5.8.2 requires hydraulic (oil) buffers for elevators with rated speeds above 1.0 m/s. Spring buffers are permitted only up to 1.0 m/s. In practice, virtually all traction elevators in commercial and residential buildings above low-speed residential use hydraulic buffers. The standard also requires that hydraulic buffers have a return-stroke indicator confirming they have reset to their extended position before the elevator can resume normal operation.
What maintenance is required for hydraulic buffers?
TS EN 13015 maintenance standard and annual inspection protocols require visual inspection of buffer oil level and seal condition, testing of the return indicator microswitch, and a buffer return time test (confirming reset within 120 seconds after a full-stroke compression). Oil should be checked every 12 months and replaced if contaminated or degraded. Plunger chrome surfaces should be inspected for corrosion pitting that could damage seals and cause oil weepage into the pit.
How is hydraulic buffer stroke length determined?
EN 81-20 Clause 5.8.2 specifies the minimum buffer stroke as a function of rated speed: stroke ≥ 0.0674 × v² metres where v is rated speed in m/s. For a 1.6 m/s elevator the minimum stroke is approximately 172 mm; for a 2.5 m/s elevator approximately 421 mm. Manufacturers size the buffer cylinder, piston diameter, and oil port area to achieve deceleration within the 1 g mean retardation limit specified in EN 81-50 type-test procedures.
Can hydraulic buffers be used with both traction and hydraulic elevators?
Yes. Hydraulic buffers are used for both traction elevator cars and counterweights and for hydraulic elevator cars where pit depth and speed require them. For hydraulic elevators with rated speed ≤ 0.8 m/s, spring buffers are commonly used; for higher speeds or where pit depth constraints make spring buffer height impractical, hydraulic buffers provide a more compact low-profile solution.