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Electrical Testing Equipment β Frequently Asked Questions
What electrical tests are required before an elevator is commissioned under EN 81-20?
EN 81-20 Β§13.6 requires the following electrical tests before commissioning: insulation resistance of all wiring (minimum 1 MΞ© at 500 V DC test voltage per IEC 61557-2), continuity of protective earth conductors (β€ 0.1 Ξ© for bonded metalwork), earth fault loop impedance verification to confirm the protective device (fuse or MCB) will operate within the required disconnection time, and functional testing of all RCDs. Additionally, the safety circuit must be tested per EN 81-20 Β§14.1.2 to verify that every safety device in the chain correctly interrupts the control circuit when actuated.
Why do VFD-equipped elevators require power quality analysis?
Variable-frequency drives are non-linear loads that inject harmonic currents into the building electrical supply. Significant harmonic distortion (typically above THD 8% for voltage or THD 40% for current at the point of common coupling) can cause overheating of neutral conductors, transformer derating, interference with other sensitive equipment, and nuisance tripping of MCBs. Power quality analysers measure THD, individual harmonic orders, voltage dips and swells, and power factor, allowing corrective measures (harmonic filters, line reactors) to be specified before acceptance of the installation.
What insulation resistance test voltage should be used for elevator wiring?
For mains voltage circuits (230/400 V) in elevator installations, IEC 61557-2 and EN 81-20 Β§13.6.1 require a test voltage of 500 V DC with a minimum acceptable insulation resistance of 1 MΞ©. For SELV or PELV control circuits (typically 24 V DC in modern elevator controllers), the test voltage is 250 V DC with a 0.25 MΞ© minimum. Always disconnect electronic components (VFD, controllers, sensors) before applying the insulation resistance test voltage to avoid damage to sensitive electronics.
What is a safety-circuit tester and when is it required?
A dedicated elevator safety-circuit tester is an instrument that sequentially activates each safety device in the EN 81-20 Β§14 safety chain β door contacts, overspeed governor switch, pit stop switch, buffer switches, safety gear switch, etc. β and verifies that the control circuit is correctly interrupted by each device. Unlike a standard continuity tester, a safety-circuit tester maintains live circuit conditions during the test, replicating actual operating conditions. It is required during commissioning, after significant modernisation, and is increasingly mandated by notified inspection bodies during periodic inspection under Turkish elevator regulations.